@inproceedings{Leidner-Sinclair-Webber:2003:HLTNAACL,
  author    = "Leidner, Jochen L. and Gail Sinclair and Bonnie Webber",
  title     = "Grounding Spatial Named Entities for Information Extraction and Question Answering",
  year      = "2003",
  month     = "May",
  address   = "Edmonton, Alberta, Canada",
  pages     = "31--38",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on the Analysis of Geographic References held at the Joint Conference for Human Language Technology and the Annual Meeting of the Noth American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics 2003 (HLT/NAACL'03)",
  abstract  = "The task of named entity annotation of unseen text has recently been successfully automated with near-human performance. The full task comprises identifying the scope of each (continuous) text span, its class (e.g. place name), and its grounding (i.e., its denotation with respect to the world or a model). The latter aspect has so far been neglected. We show how geo-spatial named entities can be grounded using geographic coordinates, and how the results can be visualized using off-the-shelf software. We use this to compare a ``textual surrogate'' of a newspaper story, with a ``visual surrogate'' based on geographic coordinates.",
}